第十一课语法
- Adj/V+着+V 状语从句练习
Eg.: 舅妈正在忙着做年夜饭。
我去他家的时候，他正躺着看书。
他急着去见朋友，没吃晚饭就走了。
(1) He likes to eat standing up.
(2) She likes to read lying down.
(3) We went to his office running.
2. Reduplication of Measure Words
A measure word can be reduplicated to mean “without exception, all-inclusive.”
家家、个个、件件、人人
他给几家饭馆打电话，家家都没有位子了。He called several restaurants, everyone was full.
过年了，孩子们个个都非常高兴。On New Year’s day, every kid is happy.
张天明的衣服，件件都是名牌。Zhang Tianming’s clothes are all name-brand.
我们班人人都有苹果电脑。In our class, everyone has apple computer.
(4) He comes to class late everyday.
(5) All of her shoes were bought in China.
(6) In that country 国家, there is war 战争 every year.
3. Preposition “以” (textbook pp.54-55)
With its origin in Classical Chinese, 以 is used as a preposition in modern Chinese. In last lesson 以茶代酒 means “to use tea as wine”. In this lesson, 以 is used in 民以食为天, (people regard food as important as heaven); it is often used with the word “为”. 我以为你今天不来上课了。
- 以少胜多, triumph of a few over those greater in number
- 以和为贵, take peace as the most important
- 以人为本, take the people as the most essential
- 以攻为守, use offensive as the means of defense
- 以我为中心, take self as the center
- 以苦为乐, take hardship as hasppiness
- 以死为荣, takes death as glory (róng, 荣)
- 以眼还眼, 以牙还牙, an eye for an eye; a tooth for a tooth
- 以礼相待, accord guests with rituals / a sense of decorum
- 以毒攻毒, use poison to attack poison, vice against vice
- 以此为例, use this as an example
- 以天下为己任, take the world as one’s responsibility and duty
- 以危为安，以乱为治, treat danger as safety, and chaos and order
- 以仁安人，以义正我；pacify people with kindness, correct Self with integrity
- 勿以恶小为之，勿以善小而不为；Don’t do evil because it is small; don’t neglect doing good because it is small;
- 仁者不以盛衰改节，义者不以存亡易心；The benevolent would not change their morals because of prosperity or decline, the righteous would not change their heart in the face of life or death;
- 以小人之虑，度君子之心; surmise the mind of a gentleman with the concerns of a petty person
- 政者，正也；子帅以正，孰敢不正？Politicians are just and impartial; if you lead by righteousness, who would dare be wicked?
- 或曰，“以德报怨，何如？” 子曰，“何以报德？以直报怨，以德报德”。People ask, “what about paying back grievances/complaints with kindness?” Confucius replies, “then, how to pay back kindness? (we) pay back complaints with integrity and righteousness, and kindness with kindness.”
4. （先）…再…
Eg.：我想先给爸爸妈妈打手机拜年，再给天明、丽莎发短信拜年。
我打算先挣钱买房子再结婚。
这个问题我们应该先好好儿讨论再决定。
(7) I want to go to bed after I finish my homework.
5. V 起来
It can mean to look at, discuss, or comment on something from the point of view of “V”.
Eg.: 这个手机用起来很方便。
饺子吃起来好吃，做起来不太容易。
这个椅子搬起来很重。
(8) Today’s homework is easy from the look of it.
(9) He seems not at home by the sound of it.
6. V得出（来）(be able to verb) potential complement
It can be used after verbs such as 看，听，吃，闻 to mean that one is potentially able to do something.
Eg. 爷爷95岁了，记不起来他有几个孩子了。
- 小李病得很重，可是他常常很高兴，大家都看不出来他有病。
- 她穿的衣服都很时尚，大家都看不出来她已经50岁了。
- 外边有人叫我，我听得出来是弟弟。
- 我吃不出来这个菜里放了什么，你吃得出来吗？
(10) I cannot tell by hearing him on the phone that he is upset.
(11) I cannot tell by tasting who cooked tonight’s meal.
7. 传统
Adj.传统文化/这个人很传统/传统方法
N.学校的传统/国家的传统
(12) It’s a tradition of our school for everyone to write I.S. (写论文)
(13) His views are very traditional: women cooking at home while men working outside home.
8. 热闹 adj. hectic, noisy
Eg.: 大家都在忙着搬家，很热闹。
我喜欢安静，可是妹妹喜欢热闹。
我一到热闹的地方就头疼。
(14) Before Thanksgiving, turkey farms (火鸡场) are a hectic place.